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    • Orthodontics for Adults
      • Why Orthodontics?
      • FAQ
        • What is orthodontics?
        • What are Orthodontists?
        • What is an Orthodontic Therapist?
        • Who can carry out orthodontic treatment?
        • What should I expect from my Orthodontist or Dentist?
        • What happens at the first appointment?
        • What does orthodontic treatment cost?
        • Can I have treatment within the NHS as an adult?
        • What kind of braces are there?
        • How do I choose which type of brace to have?
        • Traditional brace, what are the alternatives?
        • Alternatives to braces?
        • Is treatment painful?
        • How often will I need an appointment?
        • Do I need to see my own Dentist during treatment?
        • Should treatment start if I am moving away?
        • What happens when my braces are removed?
        • What can go wrong with braces?
        • What questions should I ask My Orthodontist or Dentist?
        • Does adult treatment differ from treatment for children?
        • Will I need to have teeth extracted?
        • How long will treatment take?
      • Treatment & Brace Types
        • Fixed appliances
        • Removable appliances
      • Snoring & Sleep Apnoea
      • Everything you should know before having your teeth straightened
        • What is orthodontics?
        • Who can carry out orthodontic treatment?
        • What are orthodontists?
        • What is an orthodontic therapist?
        • What kind of braces are there?
        • How long will treatment take?
        • How do I choose which type of brace to have?
        • What can go wrong with braces?
        • What should I expect from my orthodontist or dentist?
        • What questions should I ask my orthodontist or dentist?
        • What does orthodontic treatment cost?
      • Looking after your Braces
      • Orthodontics: making the right choices for you
    • Orthodontics for Children & Teens
      • Fact File & FAQ
        • FAQ for Children & Teens
          • What is Orthodontics?
          • What are Orthodontists?
          • What is an Orthodontic Therapist?
          • Who can carry out orthodontic treatment?
          • What should I expect from my orthodontist or dentist?
          • When should a child first see an orthodontist?
          • What happens at the first appointment?
          • What does orthodontic treatment cost?
          • What kind of braces are there?
          • Why are extractions sometimes necessary as part of orthodontic treatment?
          • How do I choose which type of brace to have?
          • I don't want to wear the metal braces, what are my options?
          • How long will treatment take?
          • Is treatment painful?
          • How often will I need an appointment?
          • Can I have 'colours' on the brace?
          • Do I need to see my own dentist during orthodontic treatment?
          • Should treatment be started if I am moving away?
          • What happens when my braces are removed? Will I need retainers?
          • What can go wrong with braces?
          • What questions should I ask my orthodontist or dentist?
        • What Is The IOTN?
        • Advice for Musicians
        • Orthodontics & Contact Sports
        • Looking after your braces
        • Moving & transferring children during treatment
      • Treatment & brace types
        • Fixed appliances
          • Conventional
          • Lingual
        • Removable appliances
          • Conventional
          • Clear aligners
          • Functional appliances
        • Retainers
        • Orthognathic treatment (surgery)
        • Orthodontic mini-implants (TADs)
        • Functional appliances
      • Orthodontics & The NHS
        • Do I have to pay for NHS treatment?
        • Why is there a waiting list?
        • Are there any charges for NHS treatment?
        • What can I do if the NHS won't fund treatment for my child?
      • Cleft lip & palate
      • Why Orthodontics?
    • Your Jaw Surgery
      • Patient Journey
      • Patient Stories
        • Alex's Story
        • Amanda's Story
        • Andrew C's Story
        • Andrew's F's Story
        • Bethany's Story
        • Jasvinder's Story
        • Josh's Story
        • Harriet's Story
        • Katy's Story
        • Lauren's Story
        • Lesley's Story
        • Mia's Story
        • Rhiannon's Story
        • Richard's Story
      • Your Surgery Explained
        • Top Jaw Surgery (Maxillary osteotomy)
        • Lower Jaw Surgery (Mandibular Osteotomy)
        • Double Jaw Surgery (Bimaxillary Osteotomy)
        • Other types of Surgery
      • Other Resources
      • Feedback
    • Orthodontic Retention for Patients
    • Patient Information Leaflets
      • Adult Orthodontics
      • Caring for your Child's Teeth
      • Dummy and Thumb Sucking Habits
      • Fixed Appliances
      • Functional Appliances
      • Headgear
      • How to keep your Teeth and Gums Healthy
      • Impacted Canines
      • Interproximal Reduction
      • Mouthguards
      • Orthodontics and the Child with Additional Needs
      • Orthodontic Treatment
      • Orthodontic Treatment - What are the Risks?
      • Orthognathic Treatment
      • Protraction Headgear
      • Rapid Maxillary Expansion
      • Removable Appliances
      • Retainers
      • Why it’s important to Stop Smoking
      • So you're going to see the Orthodontist!
      • Teeth and Brace-Friendly Food and Drink
      • Your First Visit to the Orthodontist
    • Against the Odds
    • Careers in Orthodontics
      • Careers for Qualified Dentists
        • Dentists with a Special Interests in Orthodontics
          • Is there a need for DwSIs?
          • Role of DwSIs in Orthodontics
          • Recognition as a DwSI in Orthodontics
          • Find Out More
        • Orthodontic Speciality Training
          • What does the programme entail?
          • What are the costs?
          • As an orthodontic specialist, where can I work?
          • How do I apply?
          • Where can I find out more?
      • Information for GCSE / A Level Students & Non-dental graduates
        • Is orthodontics the career for me?
        • How can I become an orthodontist?
        • Where can I study dentistry?
        • Where can I train to be an orthodontist?
        • What are my options after becoming a specialist orthodontist?
        • Where can I find out more?
      • Orthodontic Careers for Nurses, Technicians and Therapists
        • Becoming an Orthodontic Therapist
        • Opportunities for Dental Nurses
        • Training as an Orthodontic Technician
    • News & Publications
      • Public & Patients News
      • NOW Recipe booklet
      • Orthodontic Radiographs Guidelines
    • National Clinical Guidelines - public
  • COVID19 BOS Advice
    • COVID19 BOS Advice
    • Patients' Advice
      • How to take photos / videos for your Orthodontist
      • Patients' Home Videos Repairs
      • Historical Documentation in relation to patient advice
        • FAQ for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment during COVID-19 pandemic
    • Orthodontic Provider Advice
      • GDPR - for the secure transfer of patient images
      • Education; Covid 19 related topics
      • Historical Documentation in relation to orthodontic provider advice
        • Advice for Orthodontic Practices in Primary Care Settings
        • Advice for Secondary Care Services
      • Archive
    • Recovery Phase Advice
      • Phase 2/3 : Delivery of Care in the Post Lockdown Phase
        • Resources
      • Historical Documentation in relation to Recovery Phase
        • Phase 1: Managing patients during the current lockdown
        • What is an orthodontic AGP
          • AGP - Implications for Orthodontics
        • What is appropriate orthodontic PPE
          • PPE Section
  • Professionals & Members
    • Directorates, Committees & Groups
      • Directorates
        • Education
          • Director for Education
          • Managing your mind during Covid19
        • Clinical Governance
          • Clinical Governance Committee
          • Audit
            • Lead for Audit
            • Audit Project Funding: Call for applications
          • Publication
            • CGC Minutes
            • Lead for Publications
            • Members advice sheets
            • BOS National Audit Funding Application
          • Ethics & Standards
            • Lead for Ethics & Standards
            • Ethics Committee Reports
              • Annual Report 2010 - BOS AGM
              • March 2010
              • May 2009
            • Bullying Guidance
          • Director for Clinical Governance
          • ‘Was Not Brought’ Pathway'
        • Clinical Practice
          • Director for Clinical Practice
          • Guidance for members following announcement of PDS contract award.
        • External Relations
          • Director for External Relations
        • Professional Development
          • Director for Professional Development
        • Research Directorate
          • Research Director
          • Undergraduate Research Grants
          • Research Fellowship to support a clinical trainee in Orthodontics
      • Groups
        • Consultant Orthodontist Group (COG)
          • COG Committee Members
          • COG News & Events
          • COG Downloads
          • COG Constitution
          • COG Meeting Minutes
          • (SAC) Specialist Advisory Committee
        • Orthodontic Specialist Group (OSG)
          • OSG Committee Members
          • OSG News, Events and Updates
          • OSG Constitution
          • OSG Minutes
        • Practitioner Group (PG)
          • PG Meeting Minutes
          • PG Constitution
          • PG Downloads
          • PG Committee Members
        • Training Grades Group (TGG)
          • TGG Events and Meetings
          • TGG Committee Members
          • TGG Links and Downloads
          • TGG Constitution
          • Specialist Advisory Committee
        • University Teachers Group (UTG)
          • UTG Committee Members
          • UTG Downloads
          • UTG Constitution
      • Committees
        • Scholarship & Grant Committee
        • International Committee
          • Report Archive
        • Education Committee
          • Education Committee Members
          • Education Committee Meeting Minutes
          • Education Committee Downloads
          • Education Committee News, Events and Updates
          • Specialist Advisory Committee (SAC)
        • Archive & Museum Committee
          • Clinical Cases of Historic Interest
          • Committee Members
        • Nominations Committee
    • Orthodontic Retention
    • Managed Clinical Networks
    • Supervision of Orthodontic Therapists
    • Digitutor and OPAL Programs
    • OPALImage Sales
    • Training Modules for Orthodontic Nurses
      • Orthodontic Nurse Impressions Course
      • Orthodontic Nurse Photography Course
    • Awards and Prizes
      • BOC Aspiring Orthodontist, Research and Clinical Effectiveness Poster Prizes
      • BOS Award to an Orthodontic Nurse for Distinguished Service
      • BOS Cases prize and BOS Medal
      • BOS Clinical Audit Prize
      • BOS Student Technician Award
      • Chapman Prize
      • Geoffrey Fletcher Elective Scholarship
      • Houston Postgraduate Research Scholar
      • Laurence Usiskin Student Elective Scholarship
      • Maurice Berman Prize for Clinical Excellence
      • Multimedia Patient Information Prize
      • Practitioner Group Cases Prize
      • Research Protocol Award
      • UTG Research Presentation Prize
      • Previous BOS prize winners and award holders
    • British Orthodontic Society Foundation (BOSF)
      • BOSF Open Call 2023
      • Support BOSF
        • The BOSF Pledge
      • BOSF Grants and Awards
        • Grant Recipients
      • BOSF Abstracts
    • Adverse Incident Reporting
    • Research & Audit
      • British Orthodontic Society Foundation (BOSF)
      • Audit
        • National Audit Projects
          • Audit of Temporary Anchorage Devices
            • Form2: At Time of Removal or Failure
          • Orthognathic Surgery Audits
            • BOS & BAOMS Minimum Dataset
            • Audit of Surgical Orthodontics
            • Orthognathic Outcome Data Collection Tool
          • Guidelines for Distribution of Questionnaires
        • Clinical Effectiveness Bulletins
      • Quality Assurance in Orthodontics
        • Quality Assurance in NHS Primary Care Orthodontics
        • The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index
          • PAR scoring for NHS providers
          • Directory of calibrated PAR scorers
      • Adverse Incident Reporting
        • Summary of Adverse Incidents in Orthodontics
        • Archive of Adverse Incidents in Orthodontics
      • Current BOS funding opportunities
    • Affiliates & Links
      • International Organisations & Societies
      • UK Organisations & Related Societies
      • Other Related Organisations
      • Education & Training Institutions
        • Dental Schools & Universities
        • Royal Colleges & Faculties
  • Who We Are
    • About Us
      • BOS Structure
        • Board of Trustees
          • AGM agenda 2022
          • Honorary Patron Rules
      • BOS History
        • A Brief History of the BOS
        • BOS Museum and Archives
      • BOS Constitution
      • BOS Insignia
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        • Motto
        • Policy on use of Insignia
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    • Forum
  • News and Events
    • BOS Events
      • Two Day: Virtual Advanced Critical Appraisal Course
      • Pearls, Pitfalls and Professional Development - Bonus Day 6
      • Orthodontic Therapist National Training Day
      • First Steps: Virtual Critical Appraisal Course
      • BOS University Teachers Group 2023 Study Day
      • TGG ISFE Virtual Study Day
      • OSG Spring Meeting
      • BOC London 2023 - Registration opening soon
        • BOC London Programme
        • BOC London Pre-conference Course
        • BOC London Orthodontic Miniscrews Hands-on Workshop
        • BOC London Social Events
    • News
    • Events
      • Event Registration
      • UTG Abstract Submission
      • UTG Abstract Submission Form
      • Diary of Events
      • Non-BOS Events
    • BOS Statements
      • BOS Statement: Response to Advertising Standards Authority ruling on Acceledent
      • BOS Statement: Orthognathic treatment
      • BOS Statement: Do-it-yourself braces
      • BOS Statement: Interproximal reduction
      • BOS Statement: Choosing the right clinician
      • BOS Statement: Endocarditis
      • BOS Statement: Claims about orthodontics
      • BOS Statement: Guidance on teledentistry and remote interactions in orthodontic care
    • Press & Media
      • BOS in the Press
      • BOS on the Radio
      • BOS on the Television
      • BOS Glasgow 2019 Highlights
    • New BOS Visual Identity Guidelines
    • Better Teeth For Life Guide
    • Submit a Meeting or Event
    • Corporate Social Responsibility
  • Information for Dentists
    • Quick Reference Guide to Orthodontic Assessment and Treatment
    • Making an Orthodontic Referral
      • Is my Patient Eligible for NHS Treatment?
      • When Should I Refer for an Orthodontic Assessment?
      • Where Should I Refer my Patient?
      • How do I Make a Referral?
      • When Should I Avoid Making an Orthodontic Referral?
      • What are the Options for Referring Adults or Patients with Mild Problems?
    • Moving & Transferring During Treatment
    • LTO - Limited Treatment Orthodontics
    • Become a Member
    • Careers in Orthodontics for Dentists, Nurses, Technicians and Therapists
  • Information for Schools
    • FAQ for Schools
    • Orthodontic & Contact Sports
    • Advice for Musicians
    • Careers in Orthodontics
  • Museum and Archive
    • About the Museum
      • Five minutes with BOS museum Curator, Sophie Riches
    • History of Orthodontics
      • Timeline
      • History of the orthodontic societies
      • Early orthodontics
      • Key Figures
        • George Northcroft
        • Harold Chapman
        • Clifford Ballard
        • Steve Gould
        • David DiBiase
        • John Hooper
        • Ernest Sheldon Friel
      • 40 years in Orthodontics
    • Collection
      • Fixed Appliances
        • Edward H. Angle
          • Angle's components
          • Angle’s headgear
        • Begg
        • Universal Appliance
        • Twin wire
      • Functional Appliances
      • Orthodontic Equipment and Materials
        • Watkin orthodontic spot welder
        • Ripple bracket Press
        • Johnson twin wire arch press
        • Plaster trimming Board and plane
        • Stainless steel
      • History of the BOS
        • Northcroft letter
        • British Orthodontic Conference
        • President Badges
      • Removable Appliances
        • Early Removable Appliances
        • Development of removable appliance clasps
    • Library
    • BOS Archive
    • Museum and Archive Blog
    • Oral History Interviews

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